Hubungan Lingkungan Tempat Tinggal dengan Kejadian Malaria Pada Usia 15-64 Tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sidodadi Kabupaten Asahan Tahun 2025

Abstract

Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted through the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes. In the world, Africa has the highest incidence (IR 22.7%; CFR 0.22%). In Indonesia, the prevalence of malaria is 0.49%, while in North Sumatra Province it is 0.38%. Asahan Regency records an incidence of 2‰, with the highest rate in West Kisaran District at 13‰. This study aims to analyze the relationship between residential environmental factors and malaria incidence. A cross-sectional design was used, with the population consisting of all residents aged 15–64 years living in the working area of Sidodadi Public Health Center, Asahan Regency. A total of 103 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and observation, and analyzed descriptively and using the chi-square test. The results showed that 72.8% of respondents had experienced malaria. Most were aged 40–64 years (67%), female (72.8%), had a low education level (87.4%), were unemployed (54.4%), and had lived in the area for >1 year (100%). There was a significant relationship between malaria incidence and the presence of a ceiling (p<0.05), condition of drains (p<0.05), presence of window screens (p<0.05), and presence of surrounding bushes (p<0.05). However, there was no significant relationship with wall density (p>0.05) and the presence of animal pens (p>0.05). The community is expected to maintain their home environment by installing ceilings, repairing drains to prevent stagnant water, placing window screens, and clearing bushes around the house to reduce the risk of malaria.