Perancangan dan Aplikasi Sistem Aerator Otomatis Tenaga Surya Berbasis Internet of Things pada Budidaya Ikan Air Tawar

Abstract

This study presented the development of an automatic aerator system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and powered by solar energy, which was designed to improve water quality in freshwater aquaculture. The system utilized an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller integrated with several water quality sensors, including dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature (DS18B20), total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity. Sensor data were processed to automatically control a venturi-type aerator based on DO threshold levels, wherein the aerator was activated when DO was ≤ 5 ppm and deactivated when DO was ≥ 5 ppm. The system was powered by a solar panel as the primary energy source, supported by a solar charge controller and a rechargeable battery for energy storage. Additionally, Wi-Fi connectivity was enabled using the ESP8266 module, allowing for remote monitoring through an Android-based application developed using MIT App Inventor. The development process involved both hardware and software design, sensor calibration, module integration, and direct field performance testing. During operation, the system functioned autonomously and efficiently, requiring users only to power on the device and monitor real-time data via an LCD display or mobile application. Experimental results indicated that the system achieved an accuracy rate of up to 99% and effectively maintained water quality within optimal thresholds. Furthermore, the implementation of solar energy significantly reduced reliance on conventional electricity. Overall, the system provided an efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly solution to support and enhance productivity in freshwater aquaculture.