Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Efisiensi Bank dengan Pendekatan Two-Stage DEA pada Bank yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Abstract

This research aims to determine the effect of the Operating Expenses to Operating Income ratio (BOPO), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) on bank efficiency, measured using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, in banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The type of research used is a quantitative approach. It uses panel data for the period 2020–2024, obtained from the official websites of the banks’ annual reports. The research objects are 33 banks selected from a total of 47 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, based on the completeness of the data. The data analysis technique in this research uses the Two-Stage DEA method. In the first stage, technical efficiency is measured based on financial input and output data. In the second stage, the efficiency scores are used as the dependent variable in Tobit regression analysis to examine the influence of internal bank factors. The analysis is conducted using STATA software. The research results show that the variables BOPO, CAR, and LDR simultaneously have a significant effect on bank efficiency. Partially, the CAR variable has a negative and significant effect on bank efficiency, the LDR variable has a positive and significant effect, while the BOPO variable has no significant effect. These results indicate that capital structure and credit distribution levels play an important role in improving banking efficiency in Indonesia.