Analisis Keragaman Genetik Padi Gogo Lokal Asal Desa Tanjung Baru Kabupaten Padang Lawas Menggunakan Penanda Molekuler RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)

Abstract

Gogo rice is one of the rice cultivars on dryland that has an important role in the agricultural system of the Indonesian people. The local gogo rice cultivar of Padang Lawas Regency has been abandoned by many farmers because of the use of national superior varieties and has many shortcomings. However, through the use of RAPD molecular markers, it is hoped that it can identify superior traits in the gogo rice plant so that its genetic potential can be increased. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity and kinship relationship of gogo rice from Padang Lawas Regency based on the molecular marker RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). This research was conducted at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara from January to May 2025. The genetic material used in this study is 8 local gogo rice cultivars from exploration. The samples were isolated and amplified using 6 RAPD primers, namely OPB 7, OPC 19, OPD 2, OPD 8, OPD 11 and OPD 13. Tape length was determined using UVITEC Cambridge FireReader software with sizes varying between 243-1454 bp. Cluster analysis using the UPGMA method and PCoA analysis using MVSP ver. 3.2 software. Based on PCoA analysis, there was 1 sample that spread, namely Siluka cultivar. The amplification results with 6 RAPD primers resulted in a polymorphic band percentage of 92%. The results of cluster analysis showed that 8 cultivars were divided into 2 main groups with a coefficient of similarity of 0,45 – 1. The Sikak Hijau and Sidawat cultivars have the most genetic kinship based on 6 RAPD primers with a similarity value of 0,30.