Pengujian Tanaman Padi Sawah Generasi M2 Hasil Induksi Mutasi EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate) untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas dan Ketahanan Terhadap Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens)

Abstract

Rice plants are the most important food crops in Indonesia. One of the efforts to increase productivity is through mutation breeding using EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate). This study aims to determine the growth and production characteristics of the M2 generation rice plants resulting from EMS mutation induction originated Ciherang and Inpari 32 and its resistance to brown planthopper. The research was conducted at experimental field of the Agricultural Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, from November 2024 to March 2025. M2 rice seeds were obtained from selected M1 plants based on the characteristics of the number of tillers, productive tillers, and the weight of filled grains per clump. This study used 5 treatments: Control Ciherang, Control Inpari 32, Mutant I Ciherang (0,5% EMS), Mutant II Ciherang (1% EMS), and Mutant Inpari 32 (0.5% EMS). The rice seeds for each treatment were soaked for approximately 48 hours before it had been sown. Selected seedlings were planted ie twenty seedlings per treatment and ten seedlings planted in each tub. Observation variables included seedling weight, seedling height, seedling root length, plant height, number of leaves, leaf colour, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, flowering age, harvest age, scoring of brown planthopper attack symptoms, panicle weight per clump, number of panicles per clump, panicle length, filled grain weight, percentage of filled and unfilled grains, 100-grain weight, and harvest index. Data were processed using Microsoft Excel and presented descriptively. The research results show that the average weight of filled grains per clump in the Ciherang and Inpari 32 controls is higher compared to the mutants, but the maximum value of filled grain weight is found in the mutants. The Ciherang mutant show superiority in the number of tillers, number of panicles, and panicle length. Meanwhile, the Inpari 32 mutant show superiority in seedling root length, number of tillers, flowering age, and harvest index. There was variation in the level of brown planthopper attack on both control and mutant plants. The Ciherang mutant has a high heritability value for the characters of seedling weight, plant height, panicle length, 100-grain weight, and is classified as moderate for the characters of seedling weight, number of tillers, panicle length, percentage of full grain weight and 100-grain weight. The Inpari 32 mutant has a high heritability value for the characters of seedling root length and percentage of full grain weight, and is classified as moderate for the characters of number of leaves, total panicle weight, full grain weight and 100-grain weight.