Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Habbatusauda (Nigella Sativa L) Sediaan Nanoemulsi Gel terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium Acnes dan Staphylococcus Aureus serta Mekanisme Kerjanya

Abstract

Acne is a skin condition that occurs due to overproduction of oil by the oil glands in the skin. Oil that normally lubricates the skin gets trapped in the oil ducts resulting in the onset of acne, and blackheads and scarring on the skin surface. Thymoquinone is the main content in habbatusauda oil which has pharmacological properties as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to identify the content of habbatusauda oil and then formulate habbatusauda oil into a nanoemulsion gel preparation, evaluate the preparation, test the antibacterial activity of the preparation and test the antibacterial mechanism of action of habbatusauda oil. This study starts from the identification of habbatusauda oil content using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry instrument, formulating habbatusauda oil into nanoemulsion gel dosage form at concentrations F1 (1%), F2 (2%), and F3 (4%). Evaluation of nanoemulsion gel preparation includes organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, emulsion type, particle size, centrifugation, stability test and antibacterial activity test against Propionibacterium acnes & Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Testing of antibacterial mechanism of action was carried out using spectrophotometry uv-vis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) instruments. The results showed that habbatusauda oil contains Thymoquinone from the identification results with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry instrument, the nanoemulsion gel produced was yellow in color, smelled distinctive, slightly viscous and homogeneous. Nanoemulsion gel has pH, (5.21-6.43), viscosity 3997-5431 Cps), spreadability (5-7 cm), particle size (100-500 nm), stable during 12 weeks storage at low temperature (4°C), high temperature (40°C), room temperature (25°C) and cycling test. The results of the antibacterial activity test of nanoemulsion gel have the maximum inhibition zone diameter at a concentration of 4%. The results of testing the mechanism of action of habbatusauda oil with uv vis spectrophotometry on Propionibacterium acnes & Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at wavelengths of 260 nm and 280 nm resulted in absorbance of 0.238- 0.690 while with atomic absorption spectrophotometry instruments the results of Ca2 + ion leakage were 79.81 ppm - 475.56 ppm and K + of 119.46 ppm - 619.74 ppm.