Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Niosom dengan Variasi Rasio Kolesterol dan Tween 80 sebagai Fase Lipid Menggunakan Minyak Daun Pinus (Pinus sylvestris L.) sebagai Model Obat

Abstract

Background: Niosomes can be utilized for controlled and sustained drug release. Essential oils are generally less effective topically and may cause localized inflammation due to their high concentration. Entrapment of essential oils can maintain their therapeutic effectiveness, and lower the potential for skin irritation. Small-sized niosomes with optimal entrapment efficiency can be obtained by modifying the ratio of surfactants and lipids. Objective: To analyze the effect of the molarity ratio between cholesterol and Tween 80 as the lipid phase on the niosome characteristics and to formulate niosomes pine needle essential oil (Pinus sylvestris L.) in niosomes with variations in the molarity ratio of the lipid phase. Method: The niosome were formulated by ethanol solvent injection method. The composition of the lipid phase in the niosome formula consist of cholesterol and Tween 80 which are varied in ratio. F1 based on a ratio of 25 μmol : 25 μmol, F2 based on a ratio of 25 μmol : 50 μmol and F3 based on a ratio of 50 μmol: 25 μmol. Characterization of niosomes was carried out included observation of morphological shape using Scanning Electron Microscope, measurement of vesicles size with Particle Size Analyzer and calculation of the percentage of entrapment efficiency. Results: The average vesicle size of niosome F1, F2, and F3 were 984.28 nm; 45.97 nm; and 303.11 nm, respectively. The percentage of entrapment efficiency of formulations F1, F2 and F3 were 0.3606%; 48.9659%; and 64.1716%, respectively. Conclusion: Different lipid phase ratios has an impact on the characteristics of niosome. Niosome F3 based on a ratio of 50 μmol cholesterol : 25 μmol Tween 80 showed the highest entrapment of pine needle oil, which was 64.1716%, compared to other formulas.