Kadar Total Fenol dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) : Perbandingan Ekstrak Etanol, Ekstrak Kaya Polifenol dan Kombinasi

Abstract

Background: Bidara leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) are known to have potential as a source of phenolic compounds that function as antioxidants. Polyphenol-rich extracts are ethanol extracts that are continued partitioning with chloroform solvents that can isolate unwanted compounds and ethyl acetate solvents that are very specific attract phenol compounds. Objective: To determine the difference in total phenol content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract, polyphenol-rich extract and combination (1:1, 1:2, 2:1) of bidara leaves. Method: The study was conducted experimentally including sample preparation, making ethanol extract and polyphenol-rich extract of bidara leaves, phytochemical screening, determination of total phenol content and antioxidant activity testing. Determination of total phenol content using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent with gallic acid as standard. Determination of antioxidant activity using DPPH method with quercetin as comparison, then measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Results: The results showed the total phenol content obtained were ethanol extract of Bidara leaves (170.98±0.57 mg GAE/g sample), polyphenol-rich extract of Bidara leaves (261.25±0.81 mg GAE/g sample), combination of ethanol extract and polyphenol-rich extract of Bidara leaves (1:1) (210.91±0.63 mg GAE/g sample), combination of ethanol extract and polyphenol-rich extract of Bidara leaves (1:2) (258.95±0.25 mg GAE/g sample), combination of ethanol extract and polyphenol-rich extract of Bidara leaves (2:1) (194.24±1.28 mg GAE/g sample). In the antioxidant activity test, the ethanol extract of Bidara leaves (IC50 75.03±0.13 μg/mL), polyphenol-rich extract of Bidara leaves (IC50 49.92±0.03 μg/mL), combination of ethanol extract and polyphenol-rich extract of Bidara leaves (1:1) (IC50 63.59±0.06 μg/mL), combination of ethanol extract and polyphenol-rich extract of Bidara leaves (1:2) (IC50 45.78±0.01 μg/mL), combination of ethanol extract and polyphenol-rich extract of Bidara leaves (2:1) (IC50 66.93±0.07 μg/mL). Conclusion: There were significant differences in Ethanol Extract, Polyphenol-Rich Extract, and the combination of Ethanol Extract and Polyphenol-Rich Extract of Bidara Leaves (1:1), (1:2), (2:1) in total phenol content and antioxidant activity obtained.