Rancang Bangun Sistem Penerangan Otomatis Berbasis Solar Tracker Menggunakan Mikrokontroler Arduino Nano

Abstract

The need for automatic lighting systems based on renewable energy is increasing, especially in areas not reached by the PLN electricity grid. This study aims to design and implement an automatic lighting system powered by solar energy, equipped with a solar tracker to improve the efficiency of sunlight absorption. The system is controlled by an Arduino Nano microcontroller, using an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to detect the presence of nearby objects, and LDR modules combined with servo motors to adjust the solar panel’s position according to the direction of sunlight. Power is supplied from a 5V 3W solar panel, stored in 18650 Li-ion batteries via a TP4056 charging module, and then boosted using an MT3608 converter to operate the system. Test results show that the system successfully detects objects within a range of approximately 15 cm to activate the lamp automatically, and the solar tracker effectively improves the battery charging process. This system is suitable as an energy-saving and environmentally friendly solution for small-scale automatic lighting applications.