Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi dan Kebiasaan Sarapan serta Asupan Zat Gizi dengan Status Gizi Siswa di SMK Negeri 10 Medan

Abstract

Adolescents are an age group vulnerable to nutritional problems due to being in a period of growth and development characterized by various changes both physically, biologically, and psychosocially. These changes increase the need for nutrients. Along with this, various nutritional problems related to behaviour occur in adolescence, such as poor nutritional knowledge, poor eating habits, and unbalanced nutrient intake. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional knowledge, breakfast habits, energy intake, and protein intake with the nutritional status of adolescents. The research was conducted at SMK Negeri 10 Medan using a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of all students in grade X and XI, totaling 728 students. The sample consisted at 190 students from grades X and XI from four major: Culinary, Beauty, Fashion Design and Production, and Visual Communication Design, selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. The research instruments are questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Rank Spearman test. The results showed no significant relationship between nutritional knowledge with the nutritional status of students at SMK Negeri 10 Medan (p>0,05). However, there was a significant relationship between breakfast habits (p<0,05), energy intake (p<0,05), protein intake (p<0,05) with the nutritional status of students. In conclusion, nutritional knowledge was not associated with adolescents’ nutritional status and could be influenced by other factors such as exposure to food advertisements, family income, and peer influence. Breakfast habits, energy intake, protein intake are related to nutritional status. Therefore, it is essentials for relevant stakeholders to promote healthy breakfast practices and ensure adequate intake of balanced nutrients particularly energy and protein to support the maintenance of optimal nutritional status in adolescents.