Analisis Pengaruh Getaran Akibat Penambahan Beban Massa pada Bilah terhadap Keandalan Sistem Turbin Angin

Abstract

Load imbalance and uneven wind pressure distribution on wind turbine blades can induce excessive vibrations that pose a risk to system reliability. This study aims to analyze the effect of additional mass loads on the blades on the vibration patterns along the X, Y, and Z axes, as well as to evaluate system reliability using an exponential distribution model. The monitoring system was designed using an MPU6050 sensor and an ESP32 microcontroller connected to Blynk and Google Sheets for real-time observation. Experiments were conducted on a laboratory-scale five-bladed wind turbine under three load conditions: no load, 5 g & 10 g, and 10 g & 15 g, with wind speeds of 5 m/s, 6 m/s, and 7 m/s. Data were recorded at a frequency of 10 Hz for approximately 10 minutes per condition. The results indicate that the Yaxis (lateral) consistently exhibited the highest vibration amplitudes, making it the most sensitive to mass imbalance, while reliability analysis showed that the X-axis (longitudinal) experienced greater degradation, with the reliability function R(t) decreasing to 0.55 at 270 minutes (5 g & 10 g) and 125 minutes (10 g & 15 g). Meanwhile, the Z-axis (vertical) remained relatively stable, with R(t) = 0.55 exceeding 1000 minutes. The IoT-based monitoring system proved effective in detecting vibration changes in real time and provided a quantitative basis for evaluating wind turbine reliability, demonstrating that although the largest vibration amplitudes occurred along the Y-axis, reliability degradation was predominantly influenced by the X-axis response.