Potensi Pemanfaatan Gas Metana (CH4) di TPA Kota Tanjungbalai sebagai Pembangkit Listrik

Abstract

The Tanjungbalai City Landfill (TPA) is the only final waste processing facility in Tanjungbalai City, covering an area of approximately 5 hectares. The amount of waste entering the Tanjungbalai City Landfill in 2024 is 25,447 tons/year. The waste management system at the Tanjungbalai City Landfill has been using an open dumping system since its opening in 2014, and there is no utilization of the gas produced from waste disposal activities at the landfill. The open dumping system is no longer recommended due to its various weaknesses, such as the lack of control of soil, water, and air pollution, the production of offensive odors, an increased risk of disease transmission, and the production of greenhouse gas emissions without adequate capture and management efforts. This study aims to estimate the projected CH4 gas emissions at the Tanjungbalai City Landfill from its opening until 2034 and to determine the projected utilization of CH4 gas emissions for electrical energy. This study developed a projection model for methane gas emissions from waste using a dynamic system approach implemented using STELLA Architect software version 3.8.1, based on the IPCC calculation method. Field measurements showed that the average generation in 2025 was 0.31 kg/person/day, with the largest percentage of waste composition being food waste at 35.671%, and the smallest percentage being metal waste at 0.669%. CH₄ emissions at the Tanjungbalai City Landfill increased along with waste generation. In 2034, Zone A produced 0.064 Gg CH₄, Zone B 0.107 Gg CH₄. Zone C had three planning scenarios, namely the open dumping system (BaU) CH4 emission scenario of 0.579 Gg CH₄, the controlled landfill system CH4 emission scenario of 0.361 Gg CH₄, and the sanitary landfill system CH4 emission scenario of 0.723 Gg CH₄. Emissions in Zones A and B are small due to the absence of new generation, while the difference in Zone C is influenced by the type of landfill system that affects anaerobic conditions. The potential electricity from CH₄ also increases with emissions. In 2034, the potential electricity generated by Zone A is 15,566.38 kWh, Zone B 26,040.78 kWh, and Zone C has three planning scenarios: the CH₄ emission scenario using the open dumping (BaU) system generates 140,327.81 kWh of electricity, the CH₄ emission scenario using the controlled landfill system generates 350,819.52 kWh of electricity, and the CH₄ emission scenario using the sanitary landfill system generates 1,929,507.37 kWh of electricity. These values are influenced by the methane capture efficiency of each landfill's operational system.