Prarancangan Pabrik Pembuatan Bio-oil dari Tongkol Jagung Menggunakan Proses Pirolisis Cepat (Fast Pyrolysis) dengan Kapasitas 50.000 Ton/Tahun

Abstract

Energy demand in Indonesia continues to increase along with population growth and industrial development, while fossil fuel availability is depleting and causing negative environmental impacts. This condition drives the need for the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative energy sources, one of which is bio-oil. Bio-oil is a liquid fuel produced from the pyrolysis of biomass, which can be utilized as an alternative energy source due to its physical characteristics similar to diesel, while generating lower pollutant emissions. Corncobs were selected as the raw material because of their abundant availability in Indonesia and their high bio-oil yield through the fast pyrolysis process. Bio-oil has the potential to substitute diesel fuel; however, it still contains impurities such as phenols, which are corrosive, reduce storage stability, and can increase the acid number as well as engine corrosion. Therefore, a purification process using liquid-liquid extraction is required to improve the quality of bio-oil so that it can be applied as a substitute fuel for diesel. The preliminary design of the bio-oil plant from corncobs using fast pyrolysis is planned with a capacity of 50,000 tons/year and an operating time of 330 days per year. In this design, three main stages are carried out, namely raw material preparation, fast pyrolysis, and separation and purification. The fast pyrolysis process is conducted in an auger reactor at a temperature of 475 °C and a pressure of 3 atm. The plant is planned to be established in Tengoron Village, Songgon District, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province, with a land area of 28,925 m² and a workforce of 212 employees. The proposed business entity is a Limited Liability Company (PT) with a line-and-staff organizational structure under the leadership of a director. The total investment required is Rp 967,800,681,378 with a production cost of Rp 1,410,774,634,237. The projected total sales are Rp 1,871,660,709,833 with a gross profit of Rp 435,537,341,438 and a net profit after tax of Rp 304,931,139,007. Based on the feasibility analysis, this plant achieves a Profit Margin (PM) of 23.3%, Break Even Point (BEP) of 42.5%, Return on Investment (ROI) of 31.5%, Pay Out Time (POT) of 3.17 years, Return on Net Worth (RON) of 53%, and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 40.5%. From the economic analysis, it can be concluded that the preliminary design of the bio-oil plant from corncobs using the fast pyrolysis process with a capacity of 50,000 tons/year is feasible to be established.