Pemetaan Pola Sebaran Anggrek Epifit di Kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Sicike-Cike

Abstract

Epiphytic orchids (Orchidaceae) are non-parasitic plants that grow attached to trees and play a vital role in maintaining the balance of tropical forest ecosystems. Their growth is highly influenced by microhabitat factors such as humidity, light intensity, temperature, and the structure of host trees. In Indonesia, epiphytic orchid diversity is high, yet specific data regarding their spatial distribution in the Sicike-cike Nature Park (TWA Sicike-cike) remain limited. This study aimed to identify the natural distribution patterns and map the spatial distribution of epiphytic orchids in the area. The research was conducted using 70 plots measuring 20 × 20 meters, with coordinate recording via Avenza Maps and spatial analysis using ArcGIS. Results indicated that the distribution pattern of epiphytic orchids was clumped, as reflected by the Morisita Index (>1), with Bulbophyllum uniflorum identified as the dominant species. Their spatial distribution was uneven and concentrated in areas with moderate vegetation cover, high humidity, and elevations favorable for optimal growth. Most species were found on the lower to middle zones of host tree trunks (zones 1 and 2), which provided the most suitable microclimatic conditions. This spatial mapping highlights the ecological importance of TWA Sicike-cike as a conservation area for epiphytic orchids and supports spatial approaches in biodiversity management.