Hubungan Emotional Eating, Pola Makan dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Kejadian Obesitas pada Siswa SMK di Kota Medan Tahun 2025

Abstract

The prevalence of obesity among adults in Indonesia has continued to rise, increasing from 21.8% in 2018 to 23,4% in 2023. Without effective interventions, this rate is projected to exceed 50% in the coming years. This trend is increasingly alarming, as obesity during adolescence tends to persist into adulthood. This study aims to analyze the association between emotional eating, dietary patterns, and physical activity with the incidence of obesity among vocational high school (SMK) students in Medan City. This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design, conducted in four SMKs selected using cluster random sampling from a total of 14 schools, with a student population of 3,849. A total of 320 students were chosen through simple random sampling. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test, while multivariate analysis was performed using muitiple logistic regression. The results showed significant associations between emotional eating (p-value = 0.001), dietary patterns (p-value = 0.001), and physical activity (p-value = 0.001) with the incidence of obesity. The most dominant factor influencing obesity was physical activity, with an Exp(B) value of 25.996, indicating that students with low levels of physical activity were 25.996 times more likely to be obese than those with moderate levels of activity. Vocational students who exhibited positive emotional eating, risky dietary patterns, and low physical activity had an 80.8% likelihood of being obese. These findings highlight the importance of interventions focused on increasing adolescent physical activity, both through structured school-based sports programs and the promotion of daily physical habits such as walking or cycling.