Demokrasi dan Demokratisasi di Indonesia dan Malaysia Tahun 2014-2024

Abstract

This study examines the development of democracy and the democratization process in Indonesia and Malaysia for the 2014-2024 period. Despite having similar historical backgrounds, the direction of democracy in the two countries shows differences. Indonesia, which was led by one president for two terms, experienced procedural stability, but a decline in democracy. In contrast, Malaysia experienced five leadership changes, but recorded an increase in democracy scores, especially post-Election 2018. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through desk research and interviews, and analyzed using theories of democracy and democratization from Dahl, Diamond, Huntington, and Linz & Stepan. The results show that democratic backsliding in Indonesia was caused by executive dominance and weakening civil liberties, while progress in Malaysia was triggered by peaceful transition of power, civic participation, and reform drive. This research confirms that the quality of democracy is determined not only by elections, but also by guarantees of freedom and control over power.