| dc.description.abstract | This study examines the development of democracy and the
democratization process in Indonesia and Malaysia for the 2014-2024 period.
Despite having similar historical backgrounds, the direction of democracy in the
two countries shows differences. Indonesia, which was led by one president for
two terms, experienced procedural stability, but a decline in democracy. In
contrast, Malaysia experienced five leadership changes, but recorded an increase
in democracy scores, especially post-Election 2018.
Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through desk
research and interviews, and analyzed using theories of democracy and
democratization from Dahl, Diamond, Huntington, and Linz & Stepan. The results
show that democratic backsliding in Indonesia was caused by executive
dominance and weakening civil liberties, while progress in Malaysia was
triggered by peaceful transition of power, civic participation, and reform drive.
This research confirms that the quality of democracy is determined not only by
elections, but also by guarantees of freedom and control over power. | en_US |
