Sistem Pemantauan Getaran Bebas pada Bilah Turbin Angin Menggunakan Sensor Akselerometer Mikro-Elektro-Mechanical Systems Berbasis Internet of Things

Abstract

Vibration monitoring of wind turbine blades is critical for detecting structural damage that affects system performance and stability. This study developed a real-time vibration monitoring system using an ADXL345 MEMS accelerometer and ESP32 microcontroller integrated with the Blynk IoT platform. Vibration data were analyzed using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to identify dominant frequencies indicative of system conditions. Results showed that at 5 m/s wind speed, a natural frequency of 3.29 Hz on the Z-axis was detected — representing free vibration following abrupt airflow cessation. At 6–7 m/s, dominant frequencies of 1.53–1.69 Hz on the X and Z axes emerged, indicating mechanical resonance due to aerodynamic excitation matching the system’s natural frequency. The developed system successfully provided early warnings via real-time Blynk alerts and LED indicators, enabling preventive maintenance before structural damage occurs. This research demonstrates that a cloud-independent IoT approach is effective for condition monitoring of small-scale wind turbines