Variasi Komposisi Serat Pelepah Aren (Arena pinnata) dan Serbuk Kayu Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla) sebagai Papan Komposit dengan Perekat Polyester

Abstract

A study was conducted on the variation of sugar palm frond fibers (Arenga pinnata) and mahogany wood powder (Swietenia macrophylla) as composite boards using polyester, adhesive with dimensions of 7,5cm × 7,5cm × 1cm and resin variations of 12,5 g, 15 g, and 17,5 g using the hand lay-up method. The composition of sugar palm frond fibers and mahogany wood powder was varied and subjected to physical tests: density, porosity, wa ter absorption, and mechanical tests: tensile strength, flexural strength, and compressive strength. The optimum physical test results showed a density of 0,83 g/cm³, which meets the SNI 03-2105-2006 standard, porosity of 47,11%, and water absorption of 56,29%. The optimum mechanical test results has met JIS A 5905:2003 indicated tensile strength of 22,9926 MPa, flexural strength of 112,1883 MPa, and compressive strength of 23,1251 MPa. SEM analysis showed that sample A1 and C8 had a homogeneous and uniform morphology. EDX analysis on sample A1 at 100x magnification detected carbon (52,7%), oxygen (42,0%), sodium (5,2%). Meanwhile EDX analysis on sample C8 at 100x magnification detected carbon (48,1%), oxygen (42,1%), as well as sodium (7,4%) and silica (2,4%). These results indicate that the variation of sugar palm frond fibers and resin affects both physical and mechanical strength. In addition, increasing the amount of resin and fibers can enhance mechanical strength, but the homogeneity and distribution of materials also play an important role in determining the quality of composite boards.