Ekstraksi Zat Warna Alam dari Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L.) Menggunakan Metode Perendaman dalam Etanol dan Akuades

Abstract

Extraction of Natural Dyes from Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) Using Ethanol and Aquades Solvent Immersion Methods The use of synthetic dyes in the textile industry has a negative impact on the environment and health, thus encouraging the use of natural dyes that are safer and more environmentally friendly. Guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) were chosen because they contain tannins, flavonoids, and anthocyanins that have the potential as natural dyes. This study aims to evaluate the effect of solvent types and maceration times on the quality of the dyes produced. Two solvents were used, namely aquades and 96% ethanol. Aquades was used because of its high polarity, easy to obtain, neutral, and has a high boiling point. Variations in maceration time (24, 36, and 48 hours) were used to determine the optimal extraction duration, because time affects the stability and amount of extracted color compounds. The study was arranged in a two-factor Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The parameters observed included color retention, color change (∆E), and fastness to washing and sunlight. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT test at 5% level. The combination of aquadest and 36-hour maceration gave the highest retention (5.59%) and the largest ΔE (88.79). The best washing resistance was obtained in 96% ethanol for 36 hours (ΔE = 1.26), while against sunlight in aquadest for 48 hours (ΔE = 0.49). This research offers a valuable alternative for utilizing guava leaves as an environmentally friendly source of natural dyes, while also opening up opportunities for the development of a sustainable textile industry. In the future, the results can serve as a reference for innovation in more efficient extraction technologies, the utilization of value-added waste, and support the implementation of sustainable fashion concepts.