Formulasi dan Uji Sediaan Hair Tonic Ekstrak Etanol Daun Tembelekan (Lantana Camara Linn.) sebagai Antiketombe dan Penumbuh Rambut secara In Vivo

Abstract

Extreme climate change and modern lifestyles have led to an increased prevalence of hair-related issues such as hair loss and dandruff, significantly impacting individual self-confidence. While commercial hair tonics are readily available, they pose risks of irritation and chemical side effects. Lantana camara leaves present a promising natural alternative due to their rich content of secondary metabolites (flavonoids, saponins, and tannins), which are known to possess antibacterial, antifungal, and hair growth-stimulating activities. This research aimed to formulate and evaluate the efficacy of a Lantana camara leaf hair tonic preparation as an anti-dandruff agent and a hair growth stimulant in vivo, positioning it as a safe and effective hair care solution. This study employed an experimental method by formulating an ethanolic extract of Lantana camara leaves into a hair tonic preparation. The hair tonic was prepared at various extract concentrations: 0% (F0), 15% (F1), 20% (F2), and 25% (F3). All formulations complied with the requirements of SNI 16-4955-1998, which mandates negative results for Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans tests. The anti-dandruff effectiveness was evaluated in vitro against the fungus Pityrosporum ovale, while hair growth effectiveness was tested in vivo. The extract demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect with antifungal activity against Pityrosporum ovale at concentrations of 20–25%. The formulated Lantana camara leaf hair tonic met the requirements of SNI 16-4955-1998, showing pH values in the range of 5.13–6.98 and viscosity values from 3.68–4.54 cP, For microbial contamination, formulation F2 satisfied the requirements for Total Plate Count (TPC) and tested negative for Staphylococcus aureus. Formulation F3 also met the TPC criteria and tested negative for both Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. An irritation test on rabbit skin using F3 caused no erythema or edema. In vitro, F3’s antifungal activity was not significantly different from the positive control (Makarizo). In vivo, by day 20, F3 showed potential to promote hair length, with results that were not significantly different from the positive control. By day 30, both F2 and F3 were effective in maintaining hair weight at a level comparable to the normal group, though no significant increase in hair diameter was observed. The ethanol extract of Lantana camara leaves holds significant potential as a natural active ingredient in hair tonic formulations. The resulting preparation demonstrated significant effectiveness as an anti-dandruff agent and an effective hair growth stimulant.