Jaringan Ekonomi Produksi Ikan Kering di Hajoran Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah

Abstract

This research examines the production and marketing of dried fish by coastal communities in Hajoran, Central Tapanuli Regency, which is a primary source of livelihood for the local community. Fish, as a highly nutritious source of animal protein, is susceptible to spoilage. Therefore, processing and preserving fish are crucial to extend its shelf life. Various processing methods have been used, including salting and sun-drying. The types of fish processed include anchovies, mackerel, Acehnese balato, and squid. This process aims to reduce the water content of the fish, thereby extending its shelf life and reducing spoilage. This activity is carried out independently by the community, most of whom are home industry players. The production process begins with purchasing fresh fish from local fishermen. The fish are then cleaned and dried in direct sunlight in their yards using traditional tools. This process has been carried out for generations and utilizes local knowledge passed down from generation to generation. All stages, from production to marketing, are carried out without the involvement of middlemen or agents. The dried fish are sold directly to regular consumers or through telephone orders. This study used qualitative methods through observation and interviews with dried fish producers. The results indicate that the dried fish production system in Hajoran operates smoothly thanks to strong social relationships between fishermen as suppliers of fresh fish, processors or owners of dried fish businesses (home industries), distributors, local traders known as parengge-rengge, and consumers. In economic studies, this system demonstrates Mark Granovetter's concept of embeddedness, which explains that economic activity is influenced not only by economic factors but also by social relationships within the community. In conclusion, although the dried fish business in Hajoran is independent and sustainable, producers still face obstacles, such as limited equipment and a limited market. Therefore, support in the form of training, equipment assistance, and market expansion is recommended.