Pengaruh Karakteristik Keluarga, Imunisasi BCG dan Riwayat Kontak terhadap Kejadian TB Paru pada Anak di Kota Medan Tahun 2025

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in children remains a public health challenge in Indonesia. TB transmission in children primarily occurs through close contact with adults with active TB, compounded by family-related factors and suboptimal immunization status. This study aimed to analyze the influence of family characteristics, BCG immunization status, and history of contact on the incidence of pulmonary TB in children. A case-control design was used, involving a total of 93 children (31 cases and 62 controls) from the working area of 12 public health centers (Puskesmas) in Medan City. The sampling technique employed was purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis used logistic regression. The results showed that contact history had a highly significant association with the incidence of pediatric pulmonary TB (p < 0.001), with an odds ratio (OR) of 175,375. This indicates that children with a history of contact were 175 times more likely to develop TB compared to those without contact history. Meanwhile, parental education, household income, and BCG immunization were not statistically significant in the multivariate analysis. It is concluded that contact history is the most dominant risk factor for TB in children. Strengthening household-level contact screening and provision of preventive TB therapy is essential to reduce TB transmission among children.