Evaluasi Efek Kardioprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Herba Poguntano (Picria Fel-Terrae Lour.) terhadap Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Doksorubisin

Abstract

Background: One of the main causes of death worldwide is heart disease, and the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin and other anthracycline medications is a significant risk factor. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine whether the ethanol extract of Poguntano herb could protect against doxorubicin-induced heart damage in rats, as assessed by blood health, changes in heart tissue, and levels of specific proteins and heart-related markers. Methods: The ethanol extract of Poguntano herb (EEHP) was obtained through a maceration process. Secondary metabolite analysis was conducted using the thin- layer chromatography (TLC) method, while LC-HRMS was used for chemical content examination. The test was conducted on 5 mice, each divided into 5 groups, namely: (1) the Na CMC 0.5% group; (2) the Quercetin 50 mg/kg BW group; (3) the EEHP 75 mg/kg BW group; (4) the EEHP 150 mg/kg BW group; and (5) the EEHP 300 mg/kg BW group, which were given orally for 9 days. Animal weight observation was conducted on days 1, 3, 6, and 9. On days 8 and 9, mice were given doxorubicin 10 mg/kg BW. The mice were then sacrificed, and serum was taken for analysis of hematology and clinical chemistry levels using a hematology analyzer and chemistry analyzer, as well as analysis of cTnT, BNP, LDH, and SOD levels using ELISA techniques. Analysis of eNOS, caspase 3, caspase 9, and TNF- α expression was performed using immunohistochemistry. Results: The ethanol extract of Poguntano Herb (EEHP) contains compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, and steroids/triterpenoids. EEHP showed a protective effect against doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in rats, as evidenced by improvements in hematological profiles and histopathological features, along with decreased levels of cTnT, BNP, and LDH biomarkers, accompanied by increased levels of SOD. EEHP also affected protein expression by reducing the levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, and eNOS proteins. The EEHP dose of 300 mg/kg BW proved to be the most effective in providing a protective effect against cardiac toxicity and did not show significant differences compared to the 50 mg quercetin group. Conclusion: The study showed administration of Poguntano herb ethanol extract (EEHP) can provide a protective effect on the hematological profile, clinical chemistry, and histopathological features of the heart of rats induced with doxorubicin; a protective effect on cardiac biomarker levels; lower levels of cTnT, BNP, and LDH; higher levels of SOD in rats induced with doxorubicin; and a protective effect on lower expression of caspase-9, caspase-3, TNF-α, and eNOS.