| dc.description.abstract | This study presents the design and evaluation of an automatic water-filling control system specifically developed for refill-water depots in Indonesia. The system addresses the persistent issue of volume inconsistency that arises from traditional manual filling methods. Instead of relying on time-based or flow-meter-based approaches, which are prone to errors under varying environmental conditions, this work adopts a mass-based measurement strategy. The hardware configuration consists of a 200 Kg load cell, an HX711 amplifier, an Arduino Nano microcontroller (ATmega328), a relay module for pump actuation, and an I²C LCD display for operational feedback. The system was experimentally tested using three filling targets—5 Kg, 10 Kg, and 19 Kg—with ten trials conducted at each level. Results demonstrate that the system achieved an average error of 1.29% across all tests, with performance improving to 0.95% at the 19 Kg target. Furthermore, regression analysis (y = 1.0126x + 0.0016) indicates a consistent, slight overfill trend, confirming stable and predictable operation. These findings validate the effectiveness of a mass-based filling system, offering significant improvements in accuracy and reliability compared to conventional approaches. The system’s design provides refill-water depots with a practical solution that enhances operational efficiency, reduces wastage, and increases customer trust through more consistent filling outcomes. In conclusion, the study establishes that mass-based measurement is a viable and superior alternative for water-filling applications, paving the way for broader adoption of weight-based automation technologies in small- to medium-scale water distribution enterprises. | en_US |
