Perbandingan Konsentrasi Interleukin-10 antara Kehamilan dengan Preeklampsia dengan Kehamilan Normotensi pada Suku Jawa dan Batak

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder that usually occurs after 20 weeks of gestation and may progress to eclampsia. Preeclampsia and eclampsia are major contributors to maternal and perinatal mortality in both developed and developing countries. The incidence of preeclampsia ranges from 5% to 10% worldwide. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) functions as an anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective cytokine that supports placentation during normal pregnancy. A decrease in IL-10 concentration is considered to play a role in preeclampsia through abnormal placentation, systemic inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. North Sumatra Province is one of the most populous provinces in Indonesia, with the majority ethnic groups in Medan being Batak (44.75%) and Javanese (33.4%). Few studies have compared IL-10 concentration among different ethnicities in Indonesia in relation to preeclampsia, making this an interesting subject to investigate. Methods: This was an observational analytic study with a case-control design conducted at Prof. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara. A total of 68 pregnant women who met the criteria were equally divided between Javanese and Batak ethnicities (n = 34 each) and grouped into preeclampsia (n = 30) and normotensive (n = 34) groups. IL-10 concentration were measured in both groups through venous blood samples analyzed at the Integrated Laboratory, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Results: IL-10 concentration were significantly lower in the preeclampsia group (1.33 [0.18–3.12]) compared with the normotensive group (3 [1.73–12.9]; p < 0.001). No significant difference in IL-10 concentration was found between preeclamptic women of Batak ethnicity (1.24 ± 0.54) and Javanese (1.36 [0.81– 3.12]; p = 0.590). However, IL-10 concentration were significantly lower in normotensive Batak women (2.24 [1.73–7.39]) compared with normotensive Javanese women (4.08 [1.74–12.9]; p = 0.014). Conclusion: These findings indicate that IL-10 concentration are significantly lower in preeclampsia compared with normotensive pregnancies. Among normotensive women, Batak ethnicity had lower IL-10 concentration than Javanese. Meanwhile, no significant differences in IL-10 concentration were observed between Batak and Javanese women with preeclampsia. Keywords: Interleukin-10, Batak ethnicity, Javanese, Preeclampsia, Hypertension