Pengembangan Sistem Monitoring dan Pengendalian Penggunaan KWh Meter Token sebagai Sistem Pembatas Listrik Mandiri pada Kamar Kos

Abstract

The increasing demand for electricity in Indonesian boarding houses often leads to disputes and unfair billing practices, primarily due to limited transparency and lack of control over individual energy usage. This study presents the development of an independent monitoring and control system for a kWh meter designed to improve fairness in electricity billing. The system is built on an Arduino Nano microcontroller and employs a PZEM-004T sensor to measure key electrical parameters including voltage, current, power, and energy consumption in real-time. To ensure precise timekeeping for billing and logging purposes, an RTC DS3231 module is integrated, while an I2C LCD provides direct user feedback. In addition, a MicroSD card is used to record energy consumption data for further analysis. A token-based mechanism, validated via push buttons, was designed to manage access and automatically control a relay, disconnecting power when tokens are invalid or expired. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the system, achieving 99.15% accuracy in voltage measurement and 98.93% accuracy in current measurement. Furthermore, the token based control was successfully validated with 12 unique combinations. A case study conducted in three boarding rooms with power capacities of 450W, 900W, and 1300W revealed fair and proportional billing rates of Rp415, Rp605, and Rp1,352 per kWh respectively, reflecting actual usage. These findings confirm that the proposed system not only improves accuracy and accountability but also provides a reliable, efficient, and equitable solution for electricity management in shared residential facilities.