| dc.description.abstract | The increasing demand for electricity in Indonesian boarding houses often leads to
disputes and unfair billing practices, primarily due to limited transparency and lack
of control over individual energy usage. This study presents the development of an
independent monitoring and control system for a kWh meter designed to improve
fairness in electricity billing. The system is built on an Arduino Nano microcontroller
and employs a PZEM-004T sensor to measure key electrical parameters including
voltage, current, power, and energy consumption in real-time. To ensure precise
timekeeping for billing and logging purposes, an RTC DS3231 module is integrated,
while an I2C LCD provides direct user feedback. In addition, a MicroSD card is used
to record energy consumption data for further analysis. A token-based mechanism,
validated via push buttons, was designed to manage access and automatically control
a relay, disconnecting power when tokens are invalid or expired. Experimental results
demonstrate the accuracy of the system, achieving 99.15% accuracy in voltage
measurement and 98.93% accuracy in current measurement. Furthermore, the token based control was successfully validated with 12 unique combinations. A case study
conducted in three boarding rooms with power capacities of 450W, 900W, and 1300W
revealed fair and proportional billing rates of Rp415, Rp605, and Rp1,352 per kWh
respectively, reflecting actual usage. These findings confirm that the proposed system
not only improves accuracy and accountability but also provides a reliable, efficient,
and equitable solution for electricity management in shared residential facilities. | en_US |
