Efektivitas Ekstrak Buah Lerak (Sapindus rarak, D.C) sebagai Larvasida Alami untuk Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

Abstract

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and plays a major role in its transmission in Indonesia. One approach to mosquito vector control is the use of natural larvicides, one of which is derived from the soapberry fruit (Sapindus rarak, D.C). Soapberry extract is suspected to have larvicidal effects against Aedes aegypti because it contains various active metabolites such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, which can inhibit the development and growth of Aedes aegypti larvae. This study aimed to determine the larvicidal effectiveness of soapberry extract (Sapindus rarak, D.C) against Aedes aegypti larvae. An experimental method was employed using 600 third instar Aedes aegypti larvae divided into six treatment groups. The doses used were 0,5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, as well as a positive control (Abate) and a negative control. Observations were carried out at 1 hour, 3 hours, and 24 hours after treatment, with four replications. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Mann–Whitney test. The results showed that soapberry extract (Sapindus rarak, D.C) at concentrations of 0,5%, 1%, 2%, and 4% had a significant effect on larval mortality compared to the negative control. No significant differences were found among the treatment doses, indicating that a 0,5% concentration was already effective in killing Aedes aegypti larvae within 24 hours.