Analisis Penyebab Nelayan Terjebak dalam Lingkaran Kemiskinan di Desa Bogak, Kecamatan Tanjung Tiram, Kabupaten Batu Bara

Abstract

This study aims to identify and analyze the factors contributing to the persistent cycle of poverty among fishermen in Bogak Village, Tanjung Tiram Subdistrict, Batu Bara Regency. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, the research is based on data collected through interviews, field observations, and supporting documents to portray the fishermen’s socio-economic conditions. The findings reveal that the dominance of informal patrons—particularly middlemen and boat owners—hinders fishermen’s economic independence through exploitative profit- sharing systems and debt dependency. Although government assistance is available, it has not effectively replaced the role of informal patrons, as such support tends to be sporadic, unsustainable, and poorly aligned with local needs. Furthermore, low levels of education and technical skills among fishermen limit access to alternative income sources and innovation in fishing practices. Fishermen’s income is also highly affected by weather and seasonal conditions, leading to instability and challenges in household financial planning. Limited access to capital and formal financial services restricts investment in productivity- enhancing equipment. Inadequate market infrastructure—including the absence of fish processing facilities, distribution networks, and supporting amenities—further weakens fishermen’s bargaining position. At the household level, women carry a double burden by contributing to the family economy while managing domestic responsibilities, exacerbating economic pressure. Based on these findings, the study recommends strengthening fishermen’s education and skill training programs, expanding access to inclusive microfinance services, and improving market and marine infrastructure. These interventions are expected to reduce dependency on informal patrons, enhance fishermen’s competitiveness, and empower women in supporting household economic resilience in Bogak Village.