Kajian Karakteristik Vibrasi pada Turbin Uap Single Stage Double Rows

Abstract

Vibration is one of the main challenges in steam turbine operation that can cause mechanical damage, decreased efficiency, and potential system failure. This study aims to conduct vibration analysis on the steam turbine runner and shaft, identify the main causes of vibration with a dynamic system approach, and design engineering strategies to reduce vibration in support of maintenance programs. The analysis was conducted on a single-stage, two-row steam turbine with a power of 1000 kW and a rotational speed of 5500 rpm. Vibration data was obtained using Schenck SmartBalancer devices mounted at the Shaft End and Equipment End points. Parameters observed included displacement, velocity and acceleration in the axial, vertical and horizontal directions. The maximum recorded vibration values reached 13.2 m/s² for acceleration and 4.12 mm/s for velocity on the coupling to gearbox (EE) side. To understand the dynamic behavior of the system, the values of mass, stiffness, damping, and dynamic characteristics including compliance, mobility, and inertia were calculated theoretically. The transmissibility evaluation showed a peak value of 1.523 at the shaft, indicating resonance. As an engineering strategy, this approach includes identification of dominant vibration source points, analysis of vibration energy, and simulation of vibration reduction through adjustment of system characteristics, such as increased damping or mass redistribution. The results showed a significant decrease in vibration amplitude after the implementation of the technical intervention. With this strategy, the turbine system showed better vibration stability and supported the achievement of more effective predictive maintenance.