Analisis Eksperimental Kinerja Turbin Vortex dengan Modifikasi Basin Kerucut

Abstract

The use of electrical energy is an important part that cannot be separated from modern life. Based on the Indonesian electricity supply business plan, Indonesia's hydropower potential is around 94.3 GW, which includes large-scale hydropower and microhydro. However, the use of low-head hydropower is still rarely done. Therefore, this study, Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant (GWVP) as a renewable energy source that uses water flow in a container to generate energy. This study aims to improve the performance of the vortex turbine through an experimental approach. This study evaluates the effect of basin shape modification on the performance of the Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant (GWVP). This study examines the effect of variations in the number of blades 5, 7, and 9 and the size of the valve opening on the performance of the water turbine, including flow rate, torque, rotational speed, and turbine power. Tests were conducted at three water flow rates (0.023 m³/s, 0.018 m³/s, and 0.014 m³/s). The results showed that the turbine with 5 blades achieved a maximum discharge of 0.023 m³/s and the highest shaft rotation speed of 109 rpm. The maximum power obtained was 89.54 watts at a load of 4 kg with a torque of 7.85 N.m and an efficiency of 67.81%. The addition of the number of blades increased efficiency, with the 9-blade turbine achieving a maximum power of 108.53 watts at a load of 5 kg with a torque of 9.81 N.m and an efficiency of 87.28%. From these results, it is clear that the modification of the cone basin has a significant effect on increasing efficiency and power from previous studies.