Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kejadian Malaria di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pulau Tello Kecamatan Pulau-Pulau Batu

Abstract

Malaria remains a communicable disease and a significant public health problem in island regions, including Pulau-Pulau Batu Subdistrict, South Nias Regency. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with malaria incidence, including environmental sanitation, mobility, proximity and activity around swamps/bushes/forests, knowledge, and preventive actions. This research employed a case-control study design with a total of 110 respondents (55 cases and 55 controls). Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using chi-square tests for bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Bivariate results showed a significant association between malaria incidence and environmental sanitation (p = 0.008; OR = 7.395), mobility (p = 0.014), proximity to swamps/lagoons/forests (p = 0.001; OR = 5.375), knowledge (p = 0.001; OR = 0.065), and preventive actions (p = 0.001; OR = 5.961). The logistic regression analysis revealed that preventive action was the most dominant factor influencing malaria incidence (p = 0.001; Exp(B) = 5.873), followed by environmental sanitation (p = 0.050; Exp(B) = 5.752), proximity to swamps/lagoons/forests (p = 0.034; Exp(B) = 3.079), and knowledge (p = 0.001; Exp(B) = 0.099). The probability of malaria incidence in individuals with all risk factors reached 83.0%. This study concludes that malaria incidence is influenced by sanitation conditions, proximity to vector habitats, level of knowledge, and community preventive behavior. Integrated environmental and behavioral interventions are urgently needed to effectively reduce the risk of malaria transmission