Analisis Kandungan Kitin Dan Kitosan Cangkang Maggot (Hermetia Illucens) Yang Dipelihara Pada Berbagai Media Feses Ternak

Abstract

Livestock manure is a by-product of the livestock sector that has potential to be utilized as a cultivation medium for Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly) maggots, a decomposer insect capable of efficiently breaking down organic matter. In addition to serving as a biodegradation agent, BSF maggots also produce an exoskeleton containing chitin and chitosan, two high-value compounds widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and animal feed industries. This study aims to evaluate the content and quality of chitin and chitosan derived from Hermetia illucens maggots cultivated using fermented media from four types of livestock manure: layer chicken, fat-tailed sheep, dairy goat, and beef cattle. The fermentation process was carried out with the addition of local microorganisms (MOL), while chitin and chitosan extraction involved the stages of demineralization, deproteinization, depigmentation, and deacetylation. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. Observed parameters included physical characteristics, yield, and degree of deacetylation. The results showed that the highest chitin yield was obtained from chicken manure treatment (P1) at 19.54%, while the highest chitosan yield was recorded in sheep manure treatment (P2) at 12.07%. The best degree of chitin deacetylation was found in P2 with a value of 72.58%, which met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), whereas the highest degree of chitosan deacetylation was achieved in P1 at 87.29%. Treatments P2 and P3 exhibited the best physical characteristics for both chitin and chitosan, with bright color, odorless quality, and fine powder form. Based on all parameters, sheep manure fermentation medium (P2) was identified as the most effective treatment, producing chitin and chitosan with optimal quality and quantity. These findings highlight the high potential of sheep manure as a cultivation medium for maggot farming in sustainable biomaterial production.