Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pemerasan Pengusaha Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (Studi Kasus di Polsek Medan Baru)

Abstract

The crime of extortion is one of the legal issues that often threatens the continuity and peace of human life in carrying out activities. Extortion experienced by MSME actors in the jurisdiction of Polsek Medan Baru, perpetrated by gangs of thugs, causes insecurity and hampers local economic development. Based on this background, three main problems are raised: what are the factors causing extortion against MSME entrepreneurs in Polsek Medan Baru? How is the law enforcement carried out against extortion crimes directed at MSMEs in Polsek Medan Baru? What obstacles are encountered in the law enforcement of extortion crimes against MSMEs in Polsek Medan Baru? The research method used by the researcher is normative-empirical with a descriptive approach, utilizing primary data obtained directly from the field and secondary data consisting of legal materials, including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal resources. Data were collected through field studies and literature reviews, then analyzed qualitatively to gain a deep understanding of the legal issues. Based on the research results, the factors causing extortion crimes against MSME entrepreneurs in Medan Baru include vulnerable economic conditions with unofficial business locations and low security, low legal awareness and public distrust in law enforcement, as well as manipulation of social networks by gangs of thugs who intimidate and conduct organized illegal levies. Law enforcement against extortion of MSMEs at Polsek Medan Baru includes legal socialization and complaint services as preventive measures, and “operation patuh” (compliance operations) along with investigations as repressive actions, although victim protection remains limited; meanwhile, the Medan City Government strengthens protection of MSMEs through Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2024, which provides free legal assistance and business security to safeguard MSMEs from thuggery and extortion. Law enforcement efforts face external challenges such as intimidation by thugs, low legal awareness and culture, and lack of community support, as well as internal challenges including limited resources, investigative technicalities, facilities, and competence of officers. Therefore, comprehensive efforts are needed through socialization, strengthening legal culture, improving facilities and officer training, and active community participation to ensure effective law enforcement and create a sense of security and justice.