Perbedaan Tingkat Keterlibatan Orang Tua di Negara Serumpun (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam) Berdasarkan Data PISA 2022

Abstract

This study examines differences in parental involvement in children’s education across three culturally related countries—Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam—using data from the 2022 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). These countries share similar Malay cultural roots, such as strong family values and hierarchical social structures, which are expected to shape parental engagement. A quantitative descriptive comparative approach was employed, analyzing secondary data from the PISA 2022 Student Questionnaire with a sample of 26,084 students aged 15. Parental involvement was measured through ten indicators covering parent–child interactions related to school support at home and communication with schools. Data analysis using the Welch ANOVA test revealed no statistically significant differences in parental involvement among the three countries (p > 0.05). The results suggest that, despite variations in educational systems and socioeconomic contexts, parental engagement remains relatively consistent, influenced by shared cultural values. This highlights opportunities for collaborative strategies to strengthen parental involvement across neighboring countries within a common socio-cultural framework.