Isolasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Kimia Hasil Bioproduksi Kapang Endofit (AkMn-1) dari Akar Tanaman Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.)

Abstract

Background: Phyllanthus niruri L. is known to contain active compounds with antioxidant activity. The utilization of endophytic fungi from this plant's tissues offers a promising alternative for producing bioactive compounds without overexploiting the plant itself. Purpose: This study aimed to isolate and identify bioactive compounds produced by the endophytic fungus AkMn-1, derived from the root of Phyllanthus niruri, and to evaluate its antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Methods: The AkMn-1 e$ndophytic fungus was cultured in PDB medium, extracted with ethyl acetate, and chemically profiled using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Bioactive compounds were isolated using Sephadex and silica gel column chromatography. Antioxidant activity was assessed qualitatively (TLC-bioautography) and quantitatively (DPPH microdilution method). Compound identification was conducted using HPLC and GC-MS. Results: The ethyl acetate extract of AkMn-1 exhibited strong antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 54.63 µg/mL and an Antioxidant Activity Index (AAI) of 0.5628. GC-MS analysis of fraction F4.3 revealed 11 compounds, including squalene, a known antioxidant agent. HPLC analysis showed a dominant peak at a retention time of 4.12 minutes, indicating the presence of a relatively pure main compound. Conclusion: The endophytic fungus AkMn-1 from the root of Phyllanthus niruri produces bioactive compounds with strong antioxidant activity. The use of endophytic microbes can serve as a sustainable alternative for developing natural antioxidant sources.