Determinasi Kemiskinan di Jakarta

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the determinants of poverty in DKI Jakarta during the period 2014–2023. The independent variables include Per Capita Income, Population Size, Open Unemployment Rate (TPT), and Gini Ratio, while the dependent variable is the poverty rate measured by the percentage of poor population according to the standards of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The study employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression with the Common Effect Model. The data used are secondary data obtained from BPS publications and other official sources. The results indicate that Population Size has a negative and significant effect on poverty, while the Open Unemployment Rate has a positive and significant effect. Meanwhile, Per Capita Income and Gini Ratio have no significant effect at the 5% level, although the Gini Ratio shows a negative influence at the 10% significance level. Simultaneously, all independent variables significantly affect poverty in Jakarta, with an R-squared value of 0.89, suggesting that 89% of the variation in poverty can be explained by the model. These findings suggest that expanding employment opportunities is the most crucial factor in reducing poverty in Jakarta, while population growth, when accompanied by inclusive economic policies, can contribute to poverty alleviation. Therefore, local governments are encouraged to prioritize job creation, inequality reduction, and the optimization of targeted social assistance programs as effective strategies for tackling urban poverty.