Prarancangan Pabrik Pembuatan Hidrogen dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) dengan Menggunakan Proses Pirolisis Kapasitas 1.700 Ton/Tahun

Abstract

Fossil energy sources such as petroleum and coal are rapidly depleting due to their non-renewable nature. Therefore, the development of alternative and renewable energy sources is crucial. Biomass is one of the renewable resources that can be utilized as a substitute for fossil fuels. Among various biomass options, oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) have the potential to be converted into hydrogen, serving as an alternative energy carrier to replace fossil-based fuels. This study presents the preliminary design of a hydrogen production plant with a capacity of 1,700 tons per year, operating 330 days annually. The raw material required is 208,860.805 kg/day of EFB. The main processes involved include raw material preparation, pyrolysis, water-gas shift reaction, and gas purification. Pyrolysis is carried out in a reactor operating at 500°C and 1 atm, producing hydrogen gas as the primary product. The proposed plant will be located in Payah Bagas District, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra, covering a land area of 16,182 m². The plant will operate as a Limited Liability Company (PT) with a line-and-staff organizational structure, employing 138 workers. Economic feasibility analysis indicates that the total investment capital required is Rp. 102,349,497,290, with an annual production cost of Rp. 206,152,181,035 and estimated sales revenue of Rp. 360,010,079,160. The net profit is projected at Rp. 102,370,502,253, resulting in a profit margin of 41%, return on investment (ROI) of 25.73%, break-even point (BEP) of 41.66%, pay-out time (POT) of 3.9 years, return on net worth (RON) of 42.88%, and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 29.28%. Based on the economic analysis, it can be concluded that the hydrogen production plant is technically and economically feasible to be established.