Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Pugun Tano (Picria Fel-terrae Lour.) terhadap Kadar Trigliserida Tikus yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin dan Nikotinamida

Abstract

Background: Hypertriglyceridemia is a condition commonly associated with diabetes mellitus and significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The leaves of pugun tano (Picria fel-terrae Lour) are known to contain flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, and tannins. Previous studies have shown that ethanolic extract of this plant at doses of 75–150 mg/kg BW improved lipid profiles in dyslipidemic rats and prevented atherosclerosis. Additionally, administration of the leaf extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW significantly reduced blood glucose levels, with no added benefit at higher doses. Objective: To evaluate the effects of ethanolic extract and fractions of pugun tano leaves on triglyceride levels, body weight, and relative liver weight in diabetic rats. Methods: 28 male Wistar rats divided into seven groups: normal, negative control (0.5% CMC-Na), positive control (simvastatin 0.9 mg/kg BW), ethanolic extract, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and residual fraction (each at 100 mg/kg BW). Rats were fed a high-fat diet for 14 days, then induced with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg BW) and nicotinamide (230 mg/kg BW). Treatments were administered for 14 days. Parameters observed were triglyceride levels, body weight, and relative liver weight. Results: Rats treated with ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction showed significantly lower triglyceride levels (p<0.05) compared to the negative control and were comparable to simvastatin. Both showed significant differences (p<0.05) in maintaining body weight and producing lower relative liver weight values. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of pugun tano leaves demonstrated statistically significant effects (p<0.05) on triglyceride levels, body weight, and relative liver weight in diabetic rat models.