Hubungan Profil Lipid terhadap Kejadian Sindrom Nefrotik Relaps di RS Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a chronic kidney disorder in children characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Although most patients achieve remission after initial therapy, approximately 60–70% experience relapse. Dyslipidemia has been associated with an increased risk of relapse, yet the relationship between lipid profile and relapse in NS remains underexplored. Objective: To analyze the association between lipid profile levels (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL) and the incidence of relapsing nephrotic syndrome in children. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, involving children aged 2–18 years diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome and who had undergone treatment in 2024. Data were obtained from medical records of patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation. Results: A total of 66 patients were included, comprising 54 with relapsing NS and 12 in remission. Significant differences were found in triglyceride (p=0.007), LDL (p=0.013), and HDL (p<0.001) levels between the relapse and remission groups. No significant difference was found in total cholesterol levels (p=0.164). Mean serum albumin levels were significantly lower in the relapse group (p<0.001). Albumin levels showed a significant negative correlation with triglyceride levels (r=–0.326; p=0.008). Conclusion: There is a significant association between triglyceride, LDL, and HDL levels and the occurrence of relapsing nephrotic syndrome in children. Hypoalbuminemia also contributes to the increased risk of relapse. Lipid profile assessment may serve as a valuable marker in predicting relapse in pediatric nephrotic syndrome. Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome, relapse, children, lipid profile, hypoalbuminemia.