Formulasi Nanoemulsi Hair Tonic Ekstrak Etanol Batang Teras Api-Api (Avicennia marina) sebagai Pengobatan Alopesia Androgenik

Abstract

Background: Androgenic Alopecia is the most common type of hair loss that occurs in both men and women. In patients with androgenic alopecia, the Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) hormone causes hair follicles to enter the catagen phase prematurely, while shortening the anagen phase. Avicennia marina (A. marina) contains important phytochemicals with pharmacological activity that reduce 52% of 5α-DHT activity, which is the cause of androgenic alopecia. The formulation of hair growth stimulants using a nanoemulsion delivery system can enhance the desired effects of A. marina's content. Objective: To determine the in vitro antioxidant activity of Heartwood ethanolic extract of api-api (EEBTA), evaluate the stability of nanoemulsion hair tonic preparations formulated with EEBTA, and evaluate the anti-androgenic alopecia activity against male Wistar rats. Method: The heartwood extract of the api-api was tested for antioxidant activity in vitro, followed by formulation in the form of nanoemulsion with varying extract concentrations (F1 : 0.25%; F2 : 0.5%; F3 : 1%). The preparation was then characterized, including measurements of particle size, pH, viscosity, organoleptic properties, and % transmittance, stability testing, followed by testing for anti- alopecia activity on male Wistar rats. Results: The antioxidant activity test on the heartwood ethanol extract of the ap- api showed strong antioxidant potential with a concentration of 61.50 ± 0.076 ppm. All variations of the nanoemulsion formula concentrations meet the characterization requirements of the nanoemulsion preparation and are also stable in room temperature stability tests and cycling tests. The mouse hair growth test showed that (F3) resulted in hair growth of 19.62 ± 2.73 mm and (F2) 18.98 ± 3.21. Testing testosterone levels (F3) 6.75 ± 2.36 ng/dL and (F2) 14.75 ± 7.93 ng/dL. As well as the histological testing of follicle density of 9.28 ± 3.32 (F3) and 9.25 ± 1.91 (F2). Some results of the anti-alopecia activity parameters showed no significant difference compared to the 2% minoxidil preparation. Conclusion: Nanoemulsion with the heartwood extract of api-api can be used as a natural alternative for alopecia treatment with initiation concentrations of 0.5% (F2) and 1% (F3) that have effects comparable to minoxidil 2% preparation.