Analisis Spasial Sebaran Kejadian Diare Berdasarkan Faktor Iklim di Kota Batam Tahun 2020-2023

Abstract

Diarrhea is an endemic infectious disease transmitted via the fecal-oral route and remains a leading cause of morbidity in coastal areas. As a coastal area, Batam City is highly vulnerable to diseases associated with the environment and the impact of climate change. Data from 2020 to 2023 recorded that diarrhea was the most reported disease in Batam City. The study aims to analyze the relationship between climate factors (rainfall and humidity), population density, safe drinking water facilities, access to healthy latrines, and the incidence of diarrhea. In addition, it analyzes the spatial distribution of diarrhea incidence based on climate factors. This research applied a descriptive epidemiological approach using an ecological study design. The data analyzed were aggregate secondary data obtained from the Batam City Public Health Office, Statistics Indonesia (BPS) Batam City, and NASA POWER. The analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis using Spearman’s correlation and spatial analysis using QGIS version 3.34. The results indicate that rainfall has a significant negative correlation (r=−0,730 and p<0,001), air humidity has no significant correlation (r=0,133 and p=0,367), population density shows a significant positive correlation (r=0,580 and p<0,001), safe drinking water facilities show a significant negative correlation (r=−0,419 and p=0,003), and access to healthy latrines shows a significant negative correlation (r=−0,379 and p=0,022). Spatial analysis of the distribution of diarrhea cases shows that the highest concentration of diarrhea cases is in the main mainland area, namely Batam Kota District. The map of the distribution of diarrhea cases based on climate factors shows that Batam Kota District is an area prone to high incidence of diarrhea, followed by low rainfall and humidity. This study recommends strengthening the diarrhea surveillance system, increasing the coverage of safe drinking water and equitable access to healthy latrines, and developing environmental sanitation infrastructure in densely populated areas that are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.