Struktur Kepribadian Tokoh Utama dalam Buku Ceritera Rakyat Daerah Sumatera Utara: Kajian Psikologi Sastra

Abstract

This study aims to describe the intrinsic elements and the personality structure of the main character in the book Ceritera Rakyat Daerah Sumatera Utara. The theories used in this study are the structural theory proposed by Burhan Nurgyantoro and the literary psychology theory pioneered by Sigmund Freud. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. The data source obtained in this study is the book Ceritera Rakyat Daerah Sumatera Utara, which consists of 5 Malay stories, namely Lubuk Emas, Tuah Burung Merbuk, Terjadinya Danau Laut Tador, Jibau Malang, and Si Buyung Besar. The data collection technique is carried out by reading, noting, and classifying. The analysis technique used is by describing, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from all the data. The data are classified based on intrinsic elements and personality structure as the basis for data analysis. The research results obtained show that there are 5 themes, which generally revolve around the human life journey filled with struggles, sacrifices, and choices influenced by fate, beliefs, and personal desires, ultimately leading to consequences in the form of either happiness or regret. There are 40 characters, with the more dominant character traits being wise, kind-hearted, caring, and attentive. Furthermore, there are 66 settings, with the most dominant place setting being the palace, the most common time setting being morning and night, and the social-cultural setting leaning more towards the kingdom and customs. Additionally, there are 5 forward-moving plots and 15 messages, which are generally summarized as creating individuals who are responsible, honest, helpful, loving, and always strive while surrendering to Allah. Then, regarding the personality structure of the main character, there are 15 id, 32 ego, and 11 superego. Looking at the id, ego, and superego, there is an imbalance in the personality where the main character is inconsistent in fulfilling their desires. There is a misalignment between the id and ego in the story, which brings behavioral changes to the main character, resulting in the id not being fulfilled due to events, situations, and circumstances that impact the superego of each main character. In general, the 5 Malay stories in the book Ceritera Rakyat from North Sumatra depict characters whose psychology is easily changeable, prone to giving up, and not steadfast in their beliefs due to social rules that contradict the character's id.