Evaluasi Mechanical Properties dan Simulasi FEM pada Road Barrier Berbahan Dasar Cellular Lightweight Composite yang Diperkuat Serbuk Kulit Durian

Abstract

Traffic barriers made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or cast concrete are used to maintain order, safety, and smooth traffic flow. Although cast concrete is commonly used, the process of manufacturing cement, which is the main ingredient in concrete, consumes approximately 1.60 MWh of energy and produces significant CO2 emissions (1–1.25 tons per ton of cement). Concrete is also susceptible to tensile stress. This study uses durian peel powder as a reinforcing material to address this weakness. The use of fly ash (FA) waste from coal-fired power plants and rice husk ash (RHA), which are rich in silica oxide (SiO₂), is one way to reduce the amount of cement used. These waste materials are used to make engineered cementitious composite (ECC) mortar. In this study, cellular lightweight composite (CLCom) reinforced with durian peel powder was used to make traffic barriers. There were four variations in mortar mix designs, with ASP at 0, 5, 10, and 15%, and FA at 10%. The variations used for CLCom were 10% FA, 10% ASP, and durian peel powder at 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. Compressive strength tests, indirect tensile tests, AGC impact tests, product impact tests, and ANSYS modeling for road barriers were conducted on samples at three days of age. The research results show that ECC material has higher maximum test values than CLCom: road barrier impact test 19.21 MPa vs. 10.44 MPa, indirect tensile strength 2.12 MPa vs. 0.24 MPa, impact strength 10.32 MPa vs. 5.65 MPa, and compressive strength of 24.44 MPa (ECC) vs. 5.04 MPa (CLCom). The ANSYS road barrier simulation results are 12.59 MPa (CLCom) and 21.53 MPa (ECC). Although the foam voids in CLCom weaken it, ECC performs better because FA and ASP reduce porosity, while durian peel powder enhances strength.