Keragaan Morfologi dan Parameter Genetik pada Pemangkasan Generasi F3 Hasil Persilangan Tiga Tetua Varietas Kedelai [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

Abstract

Dodi Irawan. Morphological Performance and Genetic Parameters in The Prunning of F3 Generation From a Three – Parent Cross of Soybean Varities [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] (Under The Supervision of Prof. Dr. Diana Sofia Hanafiah, SP., MP as the chair of the supervisory committee and Prof. Luthfi Aziz Mahmud Siregar SP., M.Sc., Ph.D as a member of the supervisory). Increasing Soybean Production Through Varietal Improvement and Pruning Soybean production can be enhanced through the development of superior varieties via hybridization. A three-parent cross involving the soybean varieties Grobogan, Anjasmoro, and Dega 1 is expected to generate broad genetic diversity in their progeny, along with desirable agronomic traits. Additionally, pruning the upper sections of the plant is a method that can increase soybean yield. This research aimed to analyze the morphological performance and genetic parameters in the F3 population derived from a three-parent cross of soybean varieties [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] in response to pruning, with the goal of identifying the best soybean characteristics from the three parents. The study was conducted at the BLPP Sumut Experimental Garden in Pangkalan Masyhur Village, Medan Johor District, Medan City. Observations were performed by monitoring the entire plant population in the field. Research Findings on F3 Population Pruning. The research findings indicate that among the F3 pruned populations, the characters exhibiting superior mean values compared to all three parents were number of secondary branches and number of pods on secondary branches. This is attributed to pruning in the F3 generation, which induced the development of lateral branches, thereby increasing the number of secondary branches. Based on the Genetic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) and Heritability values, the same two characters—number of secondary branches and number of pods on secondary branches—also demonstrated high values. Pruning in the F3 population resulted in highly significant differences for the characters of plant height, number of branches, number of filled pods, number of pods on primary branches, 3-seeded pods, 2-seeded pods, flowering age, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, total number of pods, and harvest age. This clearly shows that pruning significantly altered the morphological characteristics of the plants. The growth of some characters in the control treatment was better than in the pruned treatments, while for pruning, some characters did not perform as well. This is because the F3 population is still unstable and will continue to segregate.Therefore, advanced breeding activities in the subsequent F4 lines can focus on characters exhibiting high diversity, high heritability, and high genetic advance.