Hubungan Kebiasaan Sarapan Dan Asupan Zat Gizi Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Siswi SMA Dharmawangsa Kota Medan

Abstract

Anemia is one of the most common health problems experienced by adolescent girls, where the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin (Hb) is below the specified limit (<12 g/dL). This condition affects learning concentration, physical endurance, and productivity. Problems in the field show that some students appear weak, have pale faces, and often take leave from school because of dizziness or weakness. This is supported by teachers' reports that quite a number of students lack concentration, especially in the morning after the flag ceremony or physical education classes, and many of them do not have time to eat breakfast at home. This indicates poor breakfast habits and the potential for inadequate nutritional intake. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between breakfast habits and nutrient intake with the incidence of anemia among female students at Dharmawangsa High School in Medan. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at Dharmawangsa High School in Medan City with a sample of 80 female students using the Slovin formula. Data were obtained through interviews using a breakfast habit questionnaire, measurement of nutritional intake using the 2x24-hour food recall method, and examination of hemoglobin levels using the EasyTouch GCHB digital device. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test (α=0.05). The results showed that 53.8 percent of female students had poor breakfast habits. There was a significant relationship between breakfast habits (p=0.001), energy intake (p=0.043), protein (p=0.000), iron (p=0.014), and zinc (p=0.044) intake and the incidence of anemia. It is hoped that female students will pay more attention to their nutritional intake, especially at breakfast, to prevent anemia.