| dc.description.abstract | Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women
worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Indonesia. Cancer is
characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and abnormal proliferation that disrupts
normal cell structure and function. Citrus fruit peel is known to contain terpenoid
compounds, including that of Jungga orange (Citrus jambhiri Lush.), which
contains bioactive constituents such as D-limonene, γ-terpinene, and β-pinene with
potential anticancer properties.
Objective: To evaluate the anticancer activity of terpenoid-rich extract and
essential oil from Jungga orange peel through cell cycle inhibition, apoptosis
induction, and suppression of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR expression.
Methods: Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay, while cell cycle
distribution, apoptosis, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR protein expression were analyzed
using flow cytometry.
Results: The IC₅₀ values of the terpenoid-rich extract (TRE) and essential oil (EO)
were 39.80 µg/mL and 68.49 µg/mL, respectively, both demonstrating strong and
selective cytotoxic activity against T47D cells (selectivity indices of 4.73 and
4.67), which were higher than that of doxorubicin (SI 2.13). Treatment with TRE
at 10 µg/mL resulted in greater cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction compared
to EO at 20 µg/mL. TRE also significantly downregulated PI3K, Akt, and
especially mTOR expression, whereas EO showed a comparatively weaker
inhibitory effect.
Conclusion: Terpenoid-rich extract and essential oil from Jungga orange peel
exhibit selective anticancer potential against T47D cells. TRE demonstrated
stronger activity than EO, although both were less effective than doxorubicin. | en_US |
