Pola Adaptasi Penghidupan Masyarakat Dengan Penggunaan Lahan Dan Resiliensi Terhadap Interaksi Negatif Manusia-Satwa Liar Di Desa Batu Jong-Jong, Kabupaten Langkat

Abstract

Batu Jong-Jong Village, situated in the Bahorok District of Langkat Regency, serves as a buffer village at the western edge of Langkat Regency, directly adjacent to the Special Region of Aceh Province. This study aims to identify patterns of community livelihood adaptation to changes in land use in Batu Jong-Jong Village, Langkat Regency, and to assess the impact of adaptation patterns to negative human interactions and wildlife. The village serves as a buffer zone of Gunung Leuser National Park, with strong dependence on natural resources. A quantitative approach was applied using questionnaires distributed to 81 respondents, supported by field observations and descriptive-correlation analysis. Findings reveal a significant land-use shift from rubber to oil palm. Rubber plantations decreased from 48.15% (2015–2020) to 13.58% (2021–2025), while oil palm increased from 25.93% to 55.56%. Key driving factors include unstable rubber prices, long harvesting cycles, and rising household economic needs. Conversely, conflicts with wildlife such as orangutans, monkeys, wild boars, and sun bears caused crop damage and economic losses, though some villagers still display tolerance towards wildlife. Adaptation strategies involve not only agricultural diversification and livestock keeping, but also adjustments in land tenure and management practices. This study highlights that community adaptation reflects a combination of economic strategies and ecological awareness. Policy interventions and extension programs promoting sustainable land use are essential to ensure both socio-economic resilience and environmental conservation.