Hubungan Karakteristik, Riwayat Kontak, dan Kebiasaan Merokok dengan Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru pada Masyarakat Usia Produktif di Puskesmas Helvetia Tahun 2025

Abstract

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primarily affects the lungs. This disease remains a global health problem. In 2023, the number of TB cases reached 10.8 million, with 1.25 million deaths. Indonesia is among the countries with the highest TB burden, along with India and China. In North Sumatra Province, 49,376 cases were recorded, corresponding to a prevalence of 0.17 percent, or approximately 48,469 cases. Medan City ranked seventh with 15,430 cases. This study aims to analyze the relationship between individual characteristics, contact history, and smoking habits and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at the Helvetia Community Health Center in 2025. This study used a cross-sectional analytical design with a sample of 100 respondents aged 15–64 years, selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed descriptively and bivariately using the chi-square test. The study's results showed that most pulmonary TB patients were aged 15–39 years (52%), male (68%), and had a high school education or less (87,4%). Most had a history of contact (53%) and did not smoke (46%). The results of this study showed a relationship between occupation (p<0,016), smoking status (p<0,033), number of cigarettes (p<0,001), and history of contact (p<0,027). Meanwhile, the variables of age (p=0,520), gender (p=0,674), education (p=0,728), duration of smoking (p=0,083), and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis were not related. It is hoped that patients can increase their awareness of tuberculosis symptoms and immediately seek examination, especially for individuals who have a history of household contact with sufferers or a smoking habit. Commitment to stop smoking is also highly recommended as an effort to prevent the development of tuberculosis.